Caruaru

City, eastern Pernambuco estado (“state”), northeastern Brazil, on the Ipojuca River at 1,804 feet (550 m) above sea level. Caruaru originated as a weekly market centre; it was elevated to city status in 1857. Agriculture, livestock, and food processing are the principal sources of income, and there is some light manufacturing. The city has many fairs and religious festivals. It is accessible

Turgovishte

Also spelled  Targovište,  formerly  (until 1934) Eski Dzhumaya,   town, eastern Bulgaria, on the Vrana River. Known formerly for its great cattle fair, which attracted visitors from throughout the Balkans, it continues as a craft centre, producing textiles, furniture, pottery, and processed foods. It has long been a centre for the Muslim faith in Bulgaria. Its former Turkish name was Eski Cumaya (Dzhumaya), but the modern town has subdued

Vise

Also spelled  Vice,   device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a workpiece; one of the jaws is fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a workpiece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be permanently bolted to a bench. In vises designed to hold metallic workpieces, the active faces of the jaws are hardened steel

Amphora

Ancient Roman unit of capacity for grain and liquid products equal to 48 sextarii and equivalent to about 27.84 litres (7.36 U.S. gallons). The term amphora was borrowed from the Greeks, who used it to designate a measure equal to about 34 litres (9 U.S. gallons).

Turenne, Henri De La Tour D'auvergne, Vicomte De

French military leader, marshal of France (from 1643), one of the greatest military commanders during the reign of Louis XIV. Beginning his military career in the Thirty Years' War (from 1625), he subsequently commanded the royal armies in the civil war of the Fronde (1648–53), in the French invasion of the Spanish Netherlands (1667), and in the third

Botrytis Blight

Also called  botrytis rot , or  gray mold blight  disease of plants growing in humid areas that is usually caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Most vegetables, fruits, flowers, and woody plants are susceptible; injured, old, and dead plant parts become infected first. Soft, tan to brown spots or blotches become covered with a dusty mold in moist weather. Seedlings, young shoots, or leaves may wither and collapse; buds

Lancaster, Thomas, 2nd Earl Of, Earl Of Leicester, Earl Of Derby

The son of Edmund (“Crouchback”), 1st Earl of Lancaster, he became involved in politics during the controversy over Edward II's favourite,

Blood Typing

Classification of an individual's blood in terms of specific, distinctive antigenic characteristics that are inherited and are associated with the red blood cells. The ABO and the Rh blood groups (qq.v.) are among those most commonly considered. Identification of these determinants has become indispensable in connection with blood transfusion, because recipient

Papaverales

The poppy order of flowering plants, belonging to the class known as Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons; characterized by the presence of two seed leaves). The order is composed of about 600 species in two families, Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. Its most familiar flowers are the poppy (q.v.) of the Papaveraceae and the bleeding heart (q.v.) of the Fumariaceae. This order mostly is herbaceous

Spalding, Albert

The son of a partner in the sporting-goods firm of A.G. Spalding and Brothers, he began to study the violin at the age of seven, making his debut in Paris in 1905 and in New York City in 1908. He served with the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I. Spalding toured the

Good-reasons Theory

In American and British metaethics, an approach that tries to establish the validity or objectivity of moral judgments by examining the modes of reasoning used to support them. The approach first appeared in An Examination of the Place of Reason in Ethics (1950) by Stephen Toulmin, a British philosopher of science and ethicist. In general, the approach represents a reaction

Hale, Horatio (emmons)

While a student at Harvard University (1833–37), Hale studied the language of some

Printmaking, Lift-ground etching (sugar-lift aquatint)

In lift-ground etching, a positive image is etched on an aquatint plate by drawing with a water-soluble ground. In the conventional aquatint technique, the artist controls the image by stopping out negative areas with varnish, thus working around the positive image. But for lift-ground etching, he uses a viscous liquid (such as India ink, gamboge, or ordinary poster paint

Adams, Samuel

Politician of the American Revolution, leader of the Massachusetts “radicals,” who was a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774–81) and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was later lieutenant governor (1789–93) and governor (1794–97) of Massachusetts.

Gaucho

Gauchos were usually mestizos (persons